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the earth is changing understanding

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those changes and their consequences is

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perhaps the most significant scientific

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challenge of our time on December 18th

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1999 NASA launched Terra the first of

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three Earth observing system missions it

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observes our planet's land water and

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atmosphere from a height of more than

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700 kilometers Terra carries a suite of

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five instruments including one from

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Japan and one from Canada each is

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designed to provide a different

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complementary view of Earth taras

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instruments collect 72 different types

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of measurements helping scientists build

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a more complete picture of how the

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Earth's climate and environment work

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those measurements now span 10 years the

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Tero spacecraft and the instruments on

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them are our really a critical part of

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understanding how the system is changing

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having a dedicated space craft with the

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synergy of the instruments accuracies

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these instruments provide on a platform

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that's in a stable orbit really has

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enabled us to do things that we couldn't

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do prior to

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Tutera NASA along with scientists and

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engineers from the United States Japan

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and Canada keep the satellite and its

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pioneering instruments in orbit and

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sending valuable data back to earth over

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the past decade

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taras satellite observations have led to

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a wide range of discoveries published in

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more than 3,000 scientific journal

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articles around the world Terra

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instruments provide the most detailed

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daily view of earth over time the images

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show seasonal patterns of plant growth

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more clearly than ever before helping

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scientists understand how plants

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critical to life on Earth are responding

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to our changing climate for the first

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time we actually have a scientific

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instrument designed for measuring the

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land surface on on a daily basis it's

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been a major breakthrough for all of us

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I'm astounded at how much uptake there

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has been at this data and how many

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people are using it to study the land

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surface both for applications such as

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food security and agriculture monitoring

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in addition to forest monitoring and

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looking at the more scientific questions

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of land-use change and carbon and energy

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cycles

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taras instruments together also show the

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impact of fire around the world

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thousands of fires burn every day

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transforming the landscape and releasing

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carbon into the atmosphere tera revealed

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that large fires inject smoke high into

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the atmosphere that smoke and other

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pollution travel long distances

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affecting air quality half a world away

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and for the first time Terra showed that

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the pollution we put in the atmosphere

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actually changes clouds these changes

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happen all over the world but they're

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easiest to see over the ocean where

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ships leave a trail of pollution in a

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pristine sky the particles have two

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effects they can just like haze they

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cause a blanket the reflect more

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sunlight making cool the earth and cool

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the surface actually they're blocking

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sunlight that's so-called aerosol direct

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effect the indirect effect as particles

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modified clouds

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caused them to get smaller drops reflect

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more and that has a cooling effect to

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can counterbalance greenhouse effect

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it's the largest uncertainty in climate

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is so it was an indirect effect by

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changing clouds people alter rainfall

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and the way the earth reflects and

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absorbs energy from the Sun both impact

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our climate and climate in turn impacts

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our lives that's why for the last 10

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years Terra's been dedicated to learning

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with its daily observations over many

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years Terra helps scientists understand

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how our world is transforming today and